In 2009, the Mozambique Ministry of Health introduced a nutrition surveillance system to “perform a descriptive and analytical diagnosis of the nutritional situation of the country, helping to identify the nature and magnitude of problems directly related to nutrition, identifying geographical areas, social sectors and population groups at greatest risk.” In preparation for a proposed 2012 system expansion, FANTA worked with the Ministry of Health and WHO to analyze the performance of the system and to provide recommendations for improving it. Recommendations focused on the structure of the system, monitoring and evaluation interventions, and strengthening the national health information system.